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name server : ウィキペディア英語版
name server
A name server is a computer hardware or software server that implements a network service for providing responses to queries against a directory service. It translates an often humanly-meaningful, text-based identifier to a system-internal, often numeric identification or addressing component. This service is performed by the server in response to a service protocol request.
An example of a name server is the server component of the Domain Name System (DNS), one of the two principal name spaces of the Internet. The most important function of DNS servers is the translation (resolution) of human-memorable domain names and hostnames into the corresponding numeric Internet Protocol (IP) addresses, the second principal name space of the Internet which is used to identify and locate computer systems and resources on the Internet.
==Domain Name System==
(詳細はnamespaces: the domain name hierarchy〔RFC 1034, ''Domain Names — Concepts and Facilities'', P. Mockapetris, The Internet Society (November 1987)〕 and the IP address system.〔RFC 781, ''Internet Protocol — DARPA Internet Program Protocol Specification'', Information Sciences Institute, J. Postel (Ed.), The Internet Society (September 1981)〕 The Domain Name System maintains the domain namespace and provides translation services between these two namespaces. Internet name servers implement the Domain Name System.〔RFC 1035, ''Domain Names — Implementation and Specification'', P. Mockapetris, The Internet Society (November 1987)〕 The top hierarchy of the Domain Name System is served by the root name servers maintained by delegation by the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN). Below the root, Internet resources are organized into a hierarchy of domains, administered by the respective registrars and domain name holders.
A DNS name server is a server that stores the DNS records, such as address (A, AAAA) records, name server (NS) records, and mail exchanger (MX) records for a domain name (see also List of DNS record types) and responds with answers to queries against its database.

抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)
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